Whether you’re a homeowner or buying a property with a septic system, understanding the septic inspection process can provide peace of mind. A septic inspection is more than just a quick check; it’s a thorough review that ensures the system is safe, compliant, and in good working order. Here’s an overview of what’s involved in a septic inspection and why each step is essential for maintaining a healthy system.
1. Administrative Review
Purpose: Verifying that the system’s original documentation is complete and meets current regulatory requirements.
Original Permit Review: The inspector reviews the original permit and system design to confirm that the septic system is still properly sized for the property’s current layout and usage.
Soil Evaluation and Site Plan: Inspectors check if a soil evaluation and site plan are on record. This helps confirm that the system was designed to handle the property’s unique soil conditions and layout, reducing the risk of malfunction.
Setback Compliance: Ensuring the system meets setback requirements (distances from structures, property lines, water sources) according to current regulations. This step protects against issues like contamination and structural interference.
This administrative review is crucial for identifying any inconsistencies or changes since the system was first approved, providing a strong foundation for the physical inspection.
2. Tank and Riser Inspection
Purpose: Assessing the septic tank’s condition and verifying that all components, including risers and lids, are functional, secure, and accessible.
Tank Capacity and Type: Verifying the tank size, brand, and type against the permit ensures that it’s appropriate for the home’s size and wastewater needs.
Riser and Lid Inspection: Texas regulations now require risers on septic systems, as they provide essential access for inspection and maintenance. Properly fitted risers, capped with securely sealed lids, prevent water, dirt, and debris from entering the tank, which is essential for system efficiency. The lid works together with the riser to form a protective layer, blocking unwanted access and helping to keep children, pets, and others safe.
Secondary Containment: Secondary containment is another recent Texas requirement, providing an additional layer of protection. This second barrier acts as a safety measure, especially for older systems that lack a double-layered protection. Adding this feature helps prevent accidents if the primary riser or lid becomes damaged.
Tank Access: Accessible tanks allow for a thorough inspection of internal components, such as scum and sludge layers, baffles, and the effluent filter (if applicable).
These steps ensure that the system is safe, compliant, and operating optimally. Tanks and risers in good condition protect the system from contamination, enhance safety, and simplify future maintenance.
3. Internal Tank Health and Contents
Purpose: Evaluating the internal environment of the tank to ensure it’s processing waste effectively.
Scum and Sludge Levels: Inspectors measure the scum (top) and sludge (bottom) layers. Ideal levels are no more than 6 inches for the scum layer and no more than 12 inches for the sludge layer. Excessive buildup can indicate a need for pumping.
Baffle and Effluent Filter Inspection: Baffles above the scum layer and the effluent filter, if present, are inspected for proper function. These components guide wastewater flow and prevent solids from leaving the tank, which helps protect the drain field.
Odor and Liquid Levels: A healthy tank should have balanced odor and liquid levels. If the liquid level is too low, it may indicate a leak in the tank, which could allow wastewater to escape into the surrounding soil, causing contamination or other issues. On the other hand, a high liquid level can signal a downstream blockage, issues in the drain field, or even settling of the tank that’s created a hump in the pipe leading to the drain field.
Cleanout Access: To ensure easy access for maintenance, cleanout ports are strategically placed along the line leading to the tank. These ports allow for efficient troubleshooting and clearing of any blockages in the feeding line, keeping the system accessible and in good working order.
This detailed tank assessment confirms that waste is breaking down as expected and that solids aren’t escaping into the drain field, which could lead to costly repairs.
4. Drain Field Inspection
Purpose: Ensuring that wastewater is being safely and effectively absorbed and treated by the soil.
Surface Checks for Effluent: Inspectors check for signs of surface sewage or effluent percolating out of probe holes in the drain field, which could indicate drain field failure.
Depressions and Erosion: Any depressions over 6 inches or visible erosion over the septic system could signal underlying issues with the drain field.
Odor Detection: Noticeable odors in the drain field area may be a sign of a failing system.
Downspout and Sprinkler Proximity: Downspouts or sprinklers draining over the drain field can disrupt its functionality, so inspectors check for these potential issues.
A properly functioning drain field ensures that wastewater is safely filtered and dispersed back into the soil, protecting both the property and the environment.
5. Optional Pump Tank Inspection
Purpose: Confirming that the pump tank, if equipped, is operating correctly.
Float and Alarm System Check: In systems with a pump tank, floats help regulate liquid levels, while the alarm signals any issues. Inspectors confirm that the floats are properly set and that the alarm is working.
Pump Health: The pump itself is checked for proper operation. A malfunctioning pump can lead to backups or overflow issues.
Pump tanks are crucial for properties where the drain field is positioned uphill from the tank, requiring pumped wastewater flow. A well-functioning pump system maintains the balance and efficiency of wastewater treatment.
6. Disinfection System Check (for Spray Irrigation Systems)
For systems with spray irrigation disposal, disinfection is an added step to ensure water quality.
Disinfection Status: Inspectors confirm whether the system is disinfected as required, ensuring that treated wastewater is safely sprayed onto the property.
7. Compliance and Final Review
After the inspection, the inspector compiles all findings into a report. This report notes any areas of non-compliance, safety concerns, or signs of wear. Here’s why this step matters:
Clear Summary: The report provides a clear overview of the system’s condition, allowing homeowners or buyers to understand any issues and take proactive steps.
Peace of Mind for Homebuyers: For prospective buyers, this inspection report offers assurance that the septic system is in compliance, safe, and fit for purpose.
Planning for Future Maintenance: Any maintenance or repairs recommended in the report can guide homeowners in maintaining a healthy septic system for years to come.
Why Regular Septic Inspections Matter
Regular inspections are key to keeping a septic system running smoothly and preventing costly repairs down the line. Even if your system appears to be functioning well, a septic inspection can catch potential issues before they escalate. If you’re buying a property with a septic system, a comprehensive inspection provides assurance that the system meets current regulations and won’t require unexpected work.
Want to learn more about the health of your septic system? Contact us today for a detailed septic inspection or to discuss maintenance options. Keeping your septic system in good condition is our priority—and we’re here to help ensure it remains a reliable part of your home.
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